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cone lens (commonly called an axicon) is a specialized optical lens with one flat (plano) surface and one conical (cone-shaped) surface

Conical lenses also often called an axicon or conic lens, a specially shaped lens has a surface, or at least one side, that is conical. This kind of lens is different from traditional spherical or aspherical lenses. 

It is mainly used for beam shaping, especially in laser physics for generating ring beams or adjusting the propagation characteristics of the beam.

Conical lenses are commonly used to generate beams with Bessel intensity distribution or tapered non-divergent beams. 

When changing a collimated beam into a ring beam, the flat surface of the Conical lens should face the collimated light source.

They are typically made from precision-grade glass materials such as BK7 or Ultraviolet Fused Silica (UVFS)

Axicon Shape:It features one flat surface and one conical (apex) surface

Beam Transformation: When a symmetrical laser beam (like a Gaussian beam) passes through an axicon, it refracts into a hollow ring of light or a Bessel beam that maintains its focus over a much longer distance than a standard spherical lens.

Common Uses: Optical trapping, laser machining, medical imaging, alignment systems, and nonlinear optics.