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Guide for Prisms
2026/11/12

Beam Steering Prisms

PrismMaterialDeviationInvertReverse or RotateIllustrationApplications
Right Angle PrismsN-BK7, UV Fused Silica, Calcium Fluoride, or Zinc Selenide90°90°No1

90° reflector used in optical systems such as telescopes and periscopes.

180°180°No1

180° reflector, independent of entrance beam angle.

Acts as a non-reversing mirror and can be used in binocular configurations.

TIR Retroreflectors
(Unmounted and Mounted)
and Specular Retroreflectors
(Unmounted and Mounted)
N-BK7180°180°NoRetroreflector

180° reflector, independent of entrance beam angle.

Beam alignment and beam delivery. Substitute for mirror in applications where orientation is difficult to control.

Unmounted Penta Prisms
and
Mounted Penta Prisms
N-BK790°NoNo1

90° reflector, without inversion or reversal of the beam profile.

Can be used for alignment and optical tooling.

Roof PrismsN-BK790°90°180o Rotation1

90° reflector, inverted and rotated (deflected left to right and top to bottom).

Can be used for alignment and optical tooling.

Unmounted Dove Prisms
and
Mounted Dove Prisms
N-BK7No180°2x Prism Rotation1

Dove prisms may invert, reverse, or rotate an image based on which face the light is incident on.

Prism in a beam rotator orientation.

180°180°No1

Prism acts as a non-reversing mirror.

Same properties as a retroreflector or right angle (180° orientation) prism in an optical setup.

Wedge PrismsN-BK7Models Available from 2° to 10°NoNo1

Beam steering applications.

By rotating one wedged prism, light can be steered to trace the circle defined by 2 times the specified deviation angle.

NoNoWedge Prism Pair

Variable beam steering applications.

When both wedges are rotated, the beam can be moved anywhere within the circle defined by 4 times the specified deviation angle.

Coupling PrismsRutile (TiO2) or GGGVariableaNoNoCoupling Prism

High index of refraction substrate used to couple light into films.

Rutile used for nfilm > 1.8

GGG used for nfilm < 1.8

  • Depends on Angle of Incidence and Index of Refraction


Dispersive Prisms

PrismMaterialDeviationInvertReverse or RotateIllustrationApplications
Equilateral PrismsBK7,Fused silica, N-F2,
N-SF11,


VariableaNoNo

Dispersion prisms are a substitute for diffraction gratings.

Use to separate white light into visible spectrum.

Dispersion Compensating Prism PairsFused Silica,  SF10, or N-SF14Variable Vertical OffsetNoNoDispersion-Compensating Prism Pair

Compensate for pulse broadening effects in ultrafast laser systems.

Can be used as an optical filter, for wavelength tuning, or dispersion compensation.

 

Pellin Broca PrismsN-BK7,
UV Fused Silica,

90°90°No1

Ideal for wavelength separation of a beam of light, output at 90°.

Used to separate harmonics of a laser or compensate for group velocity dispersion.

  • Depends on Angle of Incidence and Index of Refraction

Beam Manipulating Prisms

PrismMaterialDeviationInvertReverse or RotateIllustrationApplications
Anamorphic Prism PairsBK7,N-KZFS8 or
N-SF11
Variable Vertical OffsetNoNo1

Variable magnification along one axis.

Collimating elliptical beams (e.g., laser diodes)

Converts an elliptical beam into a circular beam by magnifying or contracting the input beam in one axis.

Axicons (UVFS)UV Fused Silica
VariableaNoNo1

Creates a conical, non-diverging beam with a Bessel intensity profile from a collimated source.

  • Depends on Prism Physical Angle

Polarization Altering Prisms

PrismMaterialDeviationInvertReverse or RotateIllustrationApplications
Glan-Taylor, Glan-Laser, and α-BBO Glan-Laser PolarizersGlan-Taylor:
Calcite

Glan-Laser:
α-BBO or Calcite
p-pol. - 0°

s-pol. - 112°a
NoNoGlan-Taylor Polarizer

Double prism configuration and birefringent calcite produce extremely pure linearly polarized light.

Total Internal Reflection of s-pol. at the gap between the prism while p-pol. is transmitted.

Rutile PolarizersRutile (TiO2)s-pol. - 0°

p-pol. absorbed by housing
NoNoRutile Polarizer Diagram

Double prism configuration and birefringent rutile (TiO2) produce extremely pure linearly polarized light.

Total Internal Reflection of p-pol. at the gap between the prisms while s-pol. is transmitted.

 

Double Glan-Taylor PolarizersCalcitep-pol. - 0°

s-pol. absorbed by housing
NoNoGlan-Taylor Polarizer

Triple prism configuration and birefringent calcite produce maximum polarized field over a large half angle.

Total Internal Reflection of s-pol. at the gap between the prism while p-pol. is transmitted.

Glan Thompson PolarizersCalcitep-pol. - 0°

s-pol. absorbed by housing
NoNoGlan-Thompson Polarizer

Double prism configuration and birefringent calcite produce a polarizer with the widest field of view while maintaining a high extinction ratio.

Total Internal Reflection of s-pol. at the gap between the prism while p-pol. is transmitted.

Lippich Polarizerα-BBOp-pol. - 0°

s-pol. absorbed by housing
NoNoLippich Polarizer

Double prism configuration and birefringent α-BBO produce a polarizer for high-power UV applications.

Total Internal Reflection of s-pol. at the interface between the two crystals while p-pol. is transmitted.

Wollaston Prisms and
Wollaston Polarizers
Quartz, Magnesium Fluoride, α-BBO, Calcite, Yttrium OrthovanadateSymmetric
p-pol. and
s-pol. deviation angle
NoNoWollaston Prism

Double prism configuration and birefringent calcite produce the widest deviation angle of beam displacing polarizers.

s-pol. and p-pol. deviate symmetrically from the prism. Wollaston prisms are used in spectrometers and polarization analyzers.

Rochon PrismsMagnesium Fluoride
or
Yttrium Orthovanadate
Ordinary Ray: 0°

Extraordinary Ray: deviation angle
NoNo

Double prism configuration and birefringent MgF2 or YVO4 produce a small deviation angle with a high extinction ratio.

Extraordinary ray deviates from the input beam's optical axis, while ordinary ray does not deviate.

Beam Displacing PrismsCalcite2.7 or 4.0 mm Beam DisplacementNoNoBeam Displacing Prism

Single prism configuration and birefringent calcite separate an input beam into two orthogonally polarized output beams.

s-pol. and p-pol. are displaced by 2.7 or 4.0 mm. Beam displacing prisms can be used as polarizing beamsplitters where 90o separation is not possible.

Fresnel Rhomb RetardersN-BK7Linear to circular polarization

Vertical Offset
NoNoFresnel Rhomb Quarter Wave

λ/4 Fresnel Rhomb Retarder turns a linear input into circularly polarized output.

Uniform λ/4 retardance over a wider wavelength range compared to birefringent wave plates.

Rotates linearly polarized light 90°NoNoFresnel Rhomb Half Wave

λ/2 Fresnel Rhomb Retarder rotates linearly polarized light 90°.

Uniform λ/2 retardance over a wider wavelength range compared to birefringent wave plates.

  • S-polarized light is not pure and contains some P-polarized reflections.

Beamsplitter Prisms

PrismMaterialDeviationInvertReverse or RotateIllustrationApplications
Beamsplitter CubesN-BK750:50 splitting ratio, 0° and 90°

s- and p- pol. within 10% of each other
NoNoNon-polarizing Beamsplitter

Double prism configuration and dielectric coating provide 50:50 beamsplitting nearly independent of polarization.

Non-polarizing beamsplitter over the specified wavelength range.

Polarizing Beamsplitter CubesN-BK7, UV Fused Silica, or N-SF1p-pol. - 0°

s-pol. - 90°
NoNoPolarizing Beamsplitter Cube

Double prism configuration and dielectric coating transmit p-pol. light and reflect s-pol. light.

For highest polarization use the transmitted beam.


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